Why is my broccoli forming loose heads?

Loose, flowering broccoli heads are caused by heat — temperatures above 22°C during head formation cause florets to open prematurely (buttoning). This happens when broccoli is sown too late (after October in North India) and heads form during warming February–March days. Nitrogen deficiency also produces small, loose curds. For compact heads: sow seeds September–October, ensure consistent nitrogen feeding until the curd appears, then stop. Harvest promptly when compact.